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Форум Восточного портала «Old Calendar Picture»

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   Old Calendar Picture

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Тема: Old Calendar Picture (прочитана 2103 раз, 16 ответов)

Jin Jie
Эксперт
женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Old Calendar Picture
написан: 05.01.04 в 00:15:18

Это части к одной большой теме по китайским 年画.
Начну с материала по "календарным картинам", Calendar Picture или Юефэньпай （月份牌）， которые возникли в Шанхае в 20-м веке и считаются одной из разновидностей Няньхуа. К сожалению не нашла как же по-русски принято обозначать данное понятие. Искусствоведы подтягивайтесь. подмигивает

Жду ваших замечаний. Все делаем в интерактиве, потом материал будет сверстан и размещен по-человечески.
Пока на английском, приходится сверять с китайским оригиналом, а там гораздо больше, некоторые термины даю и по-китайски, чтоб было более понятно, о чем речь. Перевод на русский будет позже. Присоединяйтесь, тема очень любопытная и красивая.

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
Эксперт
женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #1 написан: 05.01.04 в 00:19:55

老月份牌
Old Calendar Picture

Preface
Zhu Shiji （朱石基）
There already appeared in the woodcut Spring Festival painting （木板年画） in early Qing Dynasty (请代) the form of including the dates of the twelve months and the seasonal periods in the pictures. This kind of picture, with the combination of almanac, was called almanac picture or calendar Spring Festival picture (历画或月份牌年画） ;。
After Shanghai was forced to open to the western powers as a trading port, western businessmen first made advertisement on the pictures of classical European portraits of Oil painting as well as landscape painting to give put freely to their retailors and consumers for the purpose of dumping goods to China. To make the free pictures more appealing to the Chinese people, they employed the format of the traditional Chinese woodcut almanac picture and meticulously produced some pictures with the subject matters of legends, historical stories, using the techniques of fine brushwork and woodcut Spring Festival painting. These pictures, together with the advertisement (commodity description, trade mark and user guide, etc.), were printed with the introduced colour lithographic printing technology as free advertising gifts given out widely. As the pictures were printed on quality paper and in large numbers, with the overwhelming of imported goods like foreign cloth (洋布), foreign tobacco（洋烟） and foreign lamp oil（洋油）, they gradually became very popular among the public and the traditional woodcut Spring Festival picture by and by lost its dominance on the market.
Because most of those advertising pictures had the dates of the 12 months printed on them, they were briefly called "calendar pictures" (月份牌).
Painters like Zhou Muqiao （周慕桥）, Zhou Baisheng（周柏生）, Wu Youru （吴友如）and many others of the colour lithographic "calendar picture" of the time had rich experiences in designing and painting the famous Taohuawu （桃花坞 (苏州)）woodcut Spring Festival pictures. Hence there can be seen in their style and technique of expression the influence of the fine brushwork of traditional Chinese line drawing, the woodcut Spring Festival painting as well as the characteristics of traditional Chinese painting. With meticulous brushwork, their composition of pictures was complete and full while the colouring was bright and elegant.

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
Эксперт
женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #2 написан: 05.01.04 в 00:22:05

During the period, as they had many opportunities to be exposed to western culture, some painters in Shanghai often undertook to design and make advertising pictures. Mr Zheng Mantuo（郑曼陀）, one of the painters, was well-versed in both fine brushwork portrait painting （工笔人物画）and western water colour painting（西洋水彩画）. He was proficient in painting photo-based portraits(写照) and carbon rubbing technique of portrait painting（擦炭画相技法）. In 1914, when he began to paint the calendar pictures, he first rubbed the carbon powder into background shadow and then applied other colours on it. Covered by the semi-transparent water colours, the skin and muscle of the characters produced a feeling of delicacy and softness. The three-dimensional effect thus achieved made the pictures new and fresh to people. The fashion beauty (his main subject matter) picture (时装仕女图) painted by Zheng Mantuo was an immediate success and pounded the dominance of ancient-costumed beauty pictures prevailing then. Orders from both Chinese and foreign businessmen were placed to Zheng Mantuo successively and other painters wasted no time to begin to follow his suit. The brush rubbing water colour painting soon became the main technique and form of calendar picture creation. Although there were no longer calendars on the pictures of this kind later on, people still referred to them as "calendar picture".

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
Эксперт
женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #3 написан: 06.01.04 в 02:16:04

My Reflections on Old Calendar Picture
Chen Shi (陈士)
Calendar picture is a branch of the traditional Chinese Spring Festival painting originated in Shanghai, the most developed center of modern and contemporary commerce. Calendar picture was originally a kind of printed colour picture painted with the technique of light colouring by brush rubbing,（擦笔淡彩） together with the printed solar calendar(阳历) and lunar calendar（阴历） as well as the solar periods of four seasons（四季节气排成的& #24180;历表）. There was also commodity advertisement on it. Later on it became a special term used to refer to the printed colour pictures painted with the technique of light colouring by brush rubbing. This kind of picture, even there is only a calendar or a trade mark or the name of a manufacturer , is still called calendar picture.
According to the study made by Mr Wang Shucun （王树村先生）, a famous Spring Festival painting specialist, the word "calendar picture" first appeared in the twenty-second year of the emperor Guangxu （光绪）of the Qing Dynasty (1896). At the time there was a draft bank called Hongfulai （鸿福来） on the prosperous Simalu Road （四马路）in Shanghai. It issued a lottery ticket with a free picture titled Colourful Scenes of Shanghai: Chinese and Western Calendar (《沪景开彩图•中西月份牌》). With the appearance of this picture, the term "calendar picture" has come into existence till now.
The main subject matter of calendar picture was traditional beauty(美女). The four ancient beauties,（古代四大美女） ; respectively Xishi （西施）, Lady Yang（扬贵妃）, Wang Zhaojun (王昭君) and Diaochan（貂婵） , were common in ancient costumed beauty pictures while those famous actresses in the early years of the Republic of China like Ruan Lingyu（阮玲玉）, Hu Die（胡蝶） Lu Meiyu and so on became models for fashion beauty — pictures. The second major theme of the pictures was classical characters（古典人物）, historical stories（历史故事） and modern lady garments（时代女装）. The commodities and services advertised on the calendar were mostly cigarettes （香烟） as well as battery (电池), general merchandise（百货）, insurance（保险）, lamp oil （火油）, fertilizer（肥料）, medicine （药品）and wine（酒）.

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
Эксперт
женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #4 написан: 06.01.04 в 02:18:18

The unique style of calendar picture was initiated by Mr Zheng Mantuo's adoption of the — technique of light colouring by brush rubbing. The painters did not overemphasize the shadow and brightness of the tableau. They absorbed western water colour painting techniques in the treatment of colours but did not meticulously seek obvious brush stroke changes. The appearances of the pictures showed light elegance, exquisite and soft. The portrait of modern women was especially well done in that the characters in fashions were elegantly poised. This style was highly regarded at the time.
The carbon powder rubbing technique started by Mr Zheng Mantuo stemmed from the painting of photo portrait which was called "pencil painting of photo portrait" （“画铅照”）. That was, when they drew portrait based on a photo, besides adopting the method of enlarging by drawing checks or by using photograph, the painters also used the technique of gently rubbing pencil marks so as to achieve the three-dimensional effect and to make the face appear more even and soft. This was how the "pencil painting of photo portrait" came into being. Many calendar picture painters were formerly painters of photo portrait. They had the experience of painting portraits（肖像）, portraits of the aged （寿像）, and portraits of the deceased（遗像）. Influenced by photography, the painter applied to some extent the realistic painting techniques of western arts to precisely sketch the characters' shapes and appearances with rich three-dimensional effect,which formed the distinct features of calendar picture.

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
Эксперт
женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #5 написан: 06.01.04 в 03:45:15

周慕桥
Zhou Muqiao

Zhou Muqiao (?-1923), a native of Suzhou
In his early years, he learned painting with the well-known artist Wu Youru of late Qing Dynasty. His works were most seen in Touch Stone Study Pictorial (《点石斋画报》) and Flying Shadow Pavilion Pictorial 《飞影阁画报》.
The subject matters of Zhou Muqiao's calendar pictures were mainly traditional and historical ones that were quite popular among the general public. His Travel to West《西游记》 series, the Three Kingdoms《三国演义》 series, with their broad vision and grand spectacle, were highly revered by the artistic field and warmly welcomed by the consumers. At the time Zhou Muqiao's calendar pictures were made on thin silk, though he still applied traditional techniques to portray characters of ancient young ladies. With the advent of brush-rubbing technique in early 1920s, however, Zhou Muqiao adopted the method to create works like fashion beauties in his late years.

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
Эксперт
женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #6 написан: 06.01.04 в 03:56:48

英美烟公司广告周慕桥请末民初作

Реклама англо-американской табачной компании
Автор: Чжоу Муцяо
Конец Цин

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
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женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #7 написан: 06.01.04 в 04:01:43

英美烟公司广告周慕桥 1908年作

Реклама англо-американской табачной компании
Автор: Чжоу Муцяо
1908 год

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
Эксперт
женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #8 написан: 06.01.04 в 04:05:29

英美烟公司广告周慕桥 1914年作

Реклама англо-американской табачной компании
Автор: Чжоу Муцяо
1914 год

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
Эксперт
женщина

Сообщений: 1751
Карма: 23

Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #9 написан: 06.01.04 в 05:04:26

郑曼陀
Zheng Mantuo

Zheng Mantuo (1885-1959), a native of Shexian, Anhui Province
Zheng Mantuo was well-versed in gongbi portrait painting (traditional Chinese fine brushwork painting), western water colour painting technique and carbon rubbing photo portrait painting technique as well. In 1914, he created the brush-rubbing painting method which initiated the calendar picture style.
When he did his painting, he first applied pure carbon powder and rubbed it into background shadow on which he then made the colouring. In this way the three dimensional effect was strengthened while the contrast between dark and bright was not over emphasized. He absorbed western water colour painting techniques in colouring and paid much attention to the method of achieving light elegance effect used in painting traditional beauty in traditional Chinese painting. But again he did not lay emphasis on the obvious brush stroke changes. With the characters' life-like complexion and the realistic three dimensional effect, the pictures created with the technique were both fresh and new and very much appealing to people.
Once Zheng's works of fashion beauties were pushed to the market, they were an instant success and became very popular among the general public. Other painters began to compete with each other by imitating his style.
From 1911s (民国初年) to the May Fourth Movement in 1919（五四运动）, Zheng Mantuo was influenced by science and democracy philosophy and paid great attention to the portrait of his characters' psychological state so as to express their images more life-like and realistic. The woman images in his works like A Lady Reading Huxley's Work（女子读天演论）, Taking Train（乘火车）, Girl Student（女学生）, Playing Tennis（女子打网球）, which reflected his democratic idea and newly appearing things, all spread far and widely among the public and produced quite good outcome.
The brush-rubbing painting technique initiated by Zheng Mantuo was a breakthrough in the artistic field and marked the advent of a brand new era. Owing to the method, the Chinese calendar picture secured its foothold in the art world. In this sense, Zheng Mantuo can be rated as a great master of art.

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
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Сообщений: 1751
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Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #10 написан: 06.01.04 в 05:12:32

南洋兄弟烟草有限公司广告郑曼陀 20世纪20年代作

Реклама "NanYang Tobacco Co"
Автор: Чжэн Маньто
20-е годы 20-го столетия

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
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Сообщений: 1751
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Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #11 написан: 06.01.04 в 05:24:14

广生行有限公司广告郑曼陀 1928年作

Реклама компании "Kwong Sang Hong Co"
Автор: Чжэн Маньто
1928 год

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
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Сообщений: 1751
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Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #12 написан: 06.01.04 в 05:30:38

中国山东烟公司广告郑曼陀 20世纪20年代作

Реклама Китайской Шаньдунской табачной компании
Автор: Чжэн Маньто
20-е годы 20-ого столетия

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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Jin Jie
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Сообщений: 1751
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Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #13 написан: 06.01.04 в 05:37:02

南洋兄弟烟草有限公司广告郑曼陀年代不详

Реклама компании "NanYang Tobacco Co"
Автор: Чжэн Маньто
Дата не установлена

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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uli
Гость

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #14 написан: 06.01.04 в 12:53:15

вообще, аналогом Няньхуа можно считать лубок, как собственно он и называется в книжках русских авторов. впрочем, и западных тоже — folk picture.
Про календарь ещё не всё прочитала, потом ещё чего скажу.
а картиники — прелесть! и где ты их откопала? я тоже такие хочу...
и вообще, откуда это всё? можно оригинал в руках подержать?

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Jin Jie
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Сообщений: 1751
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Beijing

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #15 написан: 06.01.04 в 14:32:52

06.01.04 в 12:53:15, uli писал(а):

ну может и лубки конечно..кстати традиционные лубки у меня по программе

но посмотри плиз, как же вот именно календари-рекламу называют... это только в Шанхае было..

оригинал — это альбом шанхайского изд-ва.. он у меня от "хороших времен" остался подмигивает

картинки из альбома, сижу, сканирую

"Приду в четыре",- сказала Мария.

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uli
Гость

Re: Old Calendar Picture
Ответ #16 написан: 06.01.04 в 15:41:09

woodcut Spring Festival painting （木板年画） in early Qing Dynasty (请代) the form of including the dates of the twelve months and the seasonal periods in the pictures. This kind of picture, with the combination of almanac, was called almanac picture or calendar Spring Festival picture

календарный лубок.
в смысле техники — гравюра. Весенний праздник — я бы перевела как Новый Год. У нас такие есть, тоже лубкаи считаются — потому как для народа.
а то, что на них потом рекламу стали печатать — вообще, очень интересно.
Толстая у тебя книжка? а то принесла бы....

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