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Тема: Pronunciation rules (прочитана 2245 раз, 3 ответов)

Koreanman
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Pronunciation rules
написан: 03.05.05 в 09:03:03

Page11.
Pronunciation Rules.
1.ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, and ㅈ are pronounced as voiced [g, b, j ] when they;
a. fall between two vowels
아기 [agi] – baby
아버지 [aboji] – father
어디 [odi] – where
아저씨 [adossi] — uncle
b. fall after ㄴ, ㅁ, ㅇ, or ㄹ and are followed by a vowel.

안개 [ange] – fog
인도 [indo] – India.
감기 [kamgi] – cold
삼단 [samdan] – third degree
상가 [sanga] – shopping strip
장단 [c’angdan] – rhythm
일기 [ilgi] – journal
살다 [salda] – to live
신분 [shinbun] – identity
편지 [phyo’ndji] – letter
냄비 [naembi] – saucepan
심장 [simijang] – heart
장비 [c’angbi] – equipment
용지 [yongji] – form paper
일반 [ilban] – general
놀자 [nolja] – let’s play
2.
Single consonants ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅅ, and ㅆ at the end of a syllable in isolation {받침} or followed by another consonant are pronounced [t’] [unreleased t’];
If ㄴ orㅁ follows, the nasal assimilation occurs. {See p. 16:8.b.}
맏 [mat’] — the first born
빛 [pit’] – light
볕 [pyo’t] — sunlight
빗 [pit’] – comb
낮 [nat’] – daytime
낯 [nat’] – face
있다 [it’ta] — to exist

When another vowel follows, in suffixes and 이다 the original consonant is pronounced as in a regular syllabic medical position.
끝+에 ->[끄테]– at the end
[kku'th+e->kku'the]
빛+이 ->[비치] – light (subject)
[pich+i -> pichi]
낮+에 ->[나제] – in daytime
[nac'+e-> [naje]
빗+이 ->[비시] – comb (subject)
[pis+i -> pisi]

умру ли я, и над могилою гори сияй, моя звезда

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Koreanman
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Re: Pronunciation rules
Ответ #1 написан: 03.05.05 в 09:06:40

Page 12
3.As we have seen in the sound charts on pages 6-7, ㄱ, ㅋ, and ㄲ, are pronounced as [k'] at the end of a syllable in isolation:
속 [sok'] – inside
부엌 [puo'k'] – kitchen
밖 [pak'] – outside
Compare with the sounds in the nonfinal position;
석에 [soge] – on the inside
부엌에 [puo'khe] – in the kitchen
밖에 [pakke] – oon the outside
4.ㅂ and ㅍ are pronounced as unreleased [p'] in the word final position;
삽 [sap'] – spade
답 [tap'] – answer
앞 [ap'] – front
옆 [yo'p'] – side
But;
삽으로[sabu'ro]- with a spade
답을 [tabu'l] – answer (dir.obj.0
앞에 [aphe] – in front
옆이 [yo'phi] – side (subject
5. ㅎ at the end of a syllable brings the follwing changes in pronunciation (see rule 8a below);
a. ㅎ becomes silent before a vowel.
좋아! [c'oa]* –Good!
좋으면 [c'ou'myo'n] – if you like
좋을때 [c'ou'lttae] – when you like
*The vowel sequence [o] and [a] becomes [wa] in spoken language. See rule 10 below.

Page 13.
b. The consants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, and ㅈ become aspirated after ㅎ.
노랗고 [norakho] – yellow and
놓다 [notha] – to put something down
좋지 [c'ochi] – isn't it nice?
e. The consant ㅅ becomes tense after ㅎ.
좋소! [c'osso] – it's fine!
좋습니다 [c'ossmnida] – it's fine.
6. The consonants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, and ㅈ become the tense consonants ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, and ㅉ respectively when they follow any consonant except ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅇ, and ㅎ. (In some words they become tense after these consonants as well.)
학교 [hak'kkyo] – school
받다 [pat'tta] – to receive
책방 [chaek'ppang] — bookstore
밥상 [pap'ssang]– table
학자 [hak'c'c'a] – scolar
7. Consonant clusters in the syllable final position are pronounced as a sequence of two consonants when followed by a vowel, but in isolation or followed by another consonant one of the consonants in the cluster becomes silent, thereby preventing a three-consonant sequence. When this reduction occurs, the following consonant is generally pronounced as tense (like a double letter).
a. ㄳ and ㄺ are pronounced [k’]:
삯 [sak’] –wage 삯이다 [sak’sida] – it’s the wage
닭 [tak’] – chicken 닭이다 [tagida] – it’s a chicken

Page 14.
But note the differences in pronunciation in the following examples:
삯 과 [삭꽈] – wage and
saks+kwa -> [sak’kkwa]
닭 과 [닥꽈] – chicken and
talk+ kwa -> [tak’kkwa]
밝 고 [발꼬] – bright and
palk+ ko -> [palkko]
밝 지 [발찌] – bright and
Palk+c’i -> [pak’c’c’i] – bright (neg.)
밝 는다 [방 는다] – brightens
palk + nu’nda ->[pangnu’nda]

b. ㄼ and ㅄ are pronounced [p]
밟다 [pap’tta] – to step on. 밟으면 [palbu’yo’n] – if stepped on
값[kap’] – price. 값은 [kap’sun]- as for the price
없다 [op’tta] — to not exist. 없어도 [opssodo] – even if there isn’t
밟 고 [발꼬] – step on and
palp + ko -> [palkko]
밟 지 [발찌] or [밥찌] – step(neg.)
Palp +c’i ->[pac’c’li] or [pap’c’c’i]
밟 는다 [밤는다] – step on
[palp + nu’nda -> [pamnu’nda]
없 고 [업꼬] – there is not and
ops + ko -> [op’kko]
없 지만 [업찌만] – although there isn’t
O’ps + c’iman -> [op’c’c’iman]
없 는데 [엄는데] – there isn’t, but
ops + nu'nde -> [omnu’nde]

умру ли я, и над могилою гори сияй, моя звезда

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Re: Pronunciation rules
Ответ #2 написан: 03.05.05 в 09:14:18

Page 15
c. ㄻ is pronounced [m].
닮다 [tamtta] – to resemble
닮아서 [talmaso] – as they resemble
젊다 [c’omtta] – to be young
젊어서 [c’o’olmo’so’] – (as he is) young

d. ㄵ is pronounced [n]
얹다 [antta] – to sit down
얹다 [ontta]- to put on top
Between vowels it is pronounced [nj];
앉아요 [anjayo] – please sit down
얹어요 [o’njo’yo] – please put it up 9on the shell).

e.ㄾ is pronounced [l]
핥다 [haltta] – to lick
훑다 [hultta] – to scrape
Between vowels it is pronounced [lth]
핥아요 [halthayo] – please lick
훑어요 [hulthoyo] – please thrash

f. ㄶ and ㅀ (consonant clusters with ㅎ) are pronounced [n] and [l] respectively, and the consonant following them becomes aspirated. When ㄶ or ㅀ is following by a vowel, ㅎ is not pronounced.
많다 [mantha] – there are many
많고 [mankho] – there are many and
끓다 [kku’ltha] – to boil
끓고 [kku’lkho] – it is boiling and
많아 [mana] — since there are many
많은 [manu’n] – many
끓어 [kku’ro] – since it is boiling
끓은 [kku’ru’n] — boiled

Page 16.
8. When two consonants come together, the following changes in pronunciation occur:
a. Consonants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, and ㅈ become aspirated (ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, andㅊ) before or after the consonant ㅎ.
ㄱ+ㅎ 먹히다 [mokhida] – to be eaten
}->ㅋ {
ㅎ+ㄱ 놓고 [nokho] – put down and

ㄷ+ㅎ 닫히다 [tathida-> tachida] – to be closed
}->ㅌ {
ㅎ+ㄷ 놓다 [notha] – to put down

ㅂ+ㅎ -> ㅍ 접히다 [c’o’ophida] – to be folded

ㅈ+ㅎ 잊히다 [ic’hida] – to be forgotten
}->ㅊ {
ㅎ+ㅈ 놓자 [noc’ha] – let’s put it down

b. When ㄱ, ㄷ, and ㅂ are followed by ㅁ and ㄴ, a nasal assimilation
occurs.
ㅍ and ㅂ are pronounced [m].
앞문 [am mun] – front door
갑니다 [kam nida] – I am going
밥 먹어 [pam mogo] – eat dinner!

ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, and ㅊ are pronounced [n].
닫니 [tan ni] – Are you closing?
낱말 [nan mal] — vocabulary
솟는다 [son nu’nda] – springs up
있는 [in nu’n] – existing
젗는다 [c’o’on nu’nda] – gets wet
빛난다 [pin nan da] – shines

ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ are pronounced [ng]
작년 [c’ang nyo'ng] – last year
농작물 [nong c’ang mul] – crop
닦는다 [tang nu’n da] – polishes
부엌문 [pu o'ng mun] – kitchen door

умру ли я, и над могилою гори сияй, моя звезда

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Re: Pronunciation rules
Ответ #3 написан: 03.05.05 в 09:16:18

Page 17.
e. ㄹ is pronounced [n] after any consonant except [ㄴ] as in 8d.
명랑 [myong nang] – cheerfulness
공로 [kong no] - contribution
삼리(三里)[sam ni] – three li ( «ли» китайская мера длины, равная 0,393 км)
함락 [ham nak] - fall under
국립 [kung nip] — national
독립 [tong nip]- independence
십리(十里) [sim ni] – ten li

d. ㄴ is pronounced as [l] before or after ㄹ.
신라 [sil la] – Silla kingdom
찬리 [chol li] – 1,000 li
월남 [wo’l lam] – Vietnam
달나라 [tal la ra] – moon land

9. Syllable finals ㄷ and ㅌ are pronounced as ㅈ and ㅊ respectively when followed by the vowel 이 or a palatalized vowel (여, 야, 요, 유).
맏이 [maji] – the first born
밑이다 [machida] – it is below

걷히다 * [kochida] – to lift (e.g., clouds or fog)
닫혀서 * [tachyoso] – because it is closed
* See rule 8a for aspiration ofㄷ+ㅎ.
어디 [odi] — where
잔다 [c’andi] — lawn
티 [thi] – dust particle (префикс, суффикс, частица)

10. The following vowel sequences are often contracted.
ㅗ +ㅏ -> 오 아요 -> 와 – please come
{o}+ {a} -> o-a-yo – {wayo}
보아요 -> 봐요 — please look
ㅜ + ㅓ -> ㅝ 주어요 -> 줘요 - (someone) gives
두어요 -> 둬요 - please put away
tu-oy-o [twoyo]
ㅣ + ㅓ -> ㅕ 지어요 -> 져요 – 져요 please carry (on your back)
가시었어요 -> 가셨어요 (someone) left
Ka-si-oss-o-yo
[kasyossoyo]

умру ли я, и над могилою гори сияй, моя звезда

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